Historic England research records

Historic England Research Records

Camulodunum
Hob Uid: 384008
Location : Essex Colchester Stanway
Grid Ref : TL9650022500
Summary : Cropmarks reveal the plan of a late Iron Age oppidum with a large defended farmstead at its centre. Earlier Iron Age settlement predates the oppidum which continued to be occupied in the Roman period.
More information : TL 965225. An area of Iron Age and Roman settlement visible as crop marks at Gosbecks (see plan). It began in the pre-Belgic Iron Age but continued as a site of exceptional importance in the Belgic period and right through the Roman period. (1-3) The Gosbecks site is the larger part of the pre-Roman oppidum of Camulodunum, which in total covered an area of about 4,000 ha. (For the northern part of the settlement at Sheepen, see TL 92 NE 5). The Gosbecks area was primarily agricultral in character, and at its centre lay a large homestead defended by a rampart and ditch. Crummy (4) suggests that the whole of Camulodunum was a royal estate; this would explain the massive scale of the settlement's defences and also the coin mint at the Sheepen site. The presence of a Roman temple (TL 92 SE 5), theatre (TL 92 SE 14) and fort (TL 92 SE 71) show that the site continued in use into the Roman period, but it began to decline by the early 3rd century, probably due to the growth of the Roman colonia to the N-E (TL 92 NE 2). (4-6)

Sources :

Source Number : 1
Source :
Source details : Camulodunum 1947 10-11 (C F C Hawkes, M R Hull)
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Source Number : 2
Source :
Source details : Roman Colchester 1958 259 270 plan (M R Hull)
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Source Number : 3
Source :
Source details :
Page(s) : 259
Figs. : 11
Plates :
Vol(s) : Jun-75

Source Number : 4
Source :
Source details : (P Crummy)
Page(s) : 06-Oct
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Vol(s) : 72 - 1980

Source Number : 5
Source :
Source details : Ro Colchester 1980 41-3 plan photo (D T D Clarke & G M R Davies)
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Source Number : 6
Source :
Source details : (P Crummy)
Page(s) : 77-82
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Plates :
Vol(s) : Apr-79

Monument Types:

Monument Period Name : Early Iron Age
Display Date : Early Iron Age
Monument End Date : -300
Monument Start Date : -800
Monument Type : Settlement
Evidence : Cropmark

Monument Period Name : Late Iron Age
Display Date : Late Iron Age
Monument End Date : 43
Monument Start Date : -100
Monument Type : Oppidum, Enclosed Hut Circle Settlement
Evidence : Cropmark

Monument Period Name : Roman
Display Date : Roman
Monument End Date :
Monument Start Date :
Monument Type : Settlement
Evidence : Cropmark

Components and Objects:

Related Records from other datasets:

External Cross Reference Source : SMR Number (Essex)
External Cross Reference Number : 13323
External Cross Reference Notes :

External Cross Reference Source : Scheduled Monument Legacy (County No.)
External Cross Reference Number : EX 57
External Cross Reference Notes :

External Cross Reference Source : SMR Number (Essex)
External Cross Reference Number : 13306
External Cross Reference Notes :

External Cross Reference Source : SMR Number (Essex)
External Cross Reference Number : 13313
External Cross Reference Notes :

External Cross Reference Source : National Monuments Record Number
External Cross Reference Number : TL 92 SE 2
External Cross Reference Notes :

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