HeritageGateway - Home
Site Map
Text size: A A A
You are here: Home > > > > Historic England research records Result
Historic England research recordsPrintable version | About Historic England research records

Historic England Research Records

Monument Number 373695

Hob Uid: 373695
Location :
Essex
Uttlesford
Wendens Ambo
Grid Ref : TL5080036000
Summary : Site of a Roman corridor villa dating from 1st to 4th century AD; excavated in 1853 and 1971-3. The main building, a detached bath house, corn driers and a barn (possibly of pre-Boudiccan date) were uncovered; the barn was later converted to residential use with the addition of a hypocaust, painted wall plaster and a water supply. Enclosures were also uncovered. Roman occupation of the lasted from the 1st to the 4th century AD. A Neolithic flint working site and an Iron Age round houses and enclosures were also excavated.
More information : (TL 50743606) Roman Villa (site of) (R) (1)

Double corridor Roman Villa was excavated in 1853 by R C Neville on his property in Chinnell's field (see plan from (5)). A hypocaust and several infant burials were found. The north-east corner had several rebuildings. Roman coins, personal ornaments etc (some are in the Cambridge University Museum) and a bronze coins of Tascoivanus Mack 171; Evans VII3; XXI4 (VER), now in the British Museum, were found. In 1946 1st century grey ware sherds (resembling Belgic) were discovered in P J Hayward's garden (next to the villa) (TL 507361). Surface finds of tile, etc have been made in the field at the junction of Chinnell Land and Duck Street (TL 510360). In 1971 and 1973 rescue excavations for the M11 revealed continuous occupation from Iron Age to late 4th century. A round Iron Age hut with no centre posts, hearths, Roman corn drying kilns and a possible small bath house with hypocaust were discovered. Roman buildings were on at least five different sites within the threatened area; one site having at least three successive rectangular structures (the last with a hypocaust). The most important structure was one end of a large Roman granary (possibly pre-Boudiccan) due for further excavations. A series of terraced fields, partly preserved are directly associated with the settlement. (2-8)

Rescue excavations in 1971 and 1973 are briefly described by Robertson who adds that a quantity of Neolithic flint suggested the possibility. (9)

Further rescue excavations in 1973-4 recovered Iron Age round houses and ditched enclosures and an early Roman barn, connected to the main villa buildings by a well-surfaced road. Other features included enclosures and boundary ditches and a number of corn-driers. In the later Roman period the barn was rebuilt with flint and chalk footings,painted wall plaster, a hypocaust and water supply. (10)

Iron Age round houses (mentioned by Authy 10) are noted by Drury. (11)

Full excav report, illus, analyses & summary. (12)

Roman Corn-driers (mentioned by auth 10) are noted by Morris. (13)

Additional Bibliography. (14)

ES 75 Listed as the site of a Roman villa. (15)

Sources :
Source Number : 1
Source :
Source details : 1:10000 1972
Page(s) :
Figs. :
Plates :
Vol(s) :
Source Number : 2
Source :
Source details : Evans J 1864 Ancient British Coins
Page(s) : 265
Figs. :
Plates :
Vol(s) :
Source Number : 11
Source :
Source details :
Page(s) : 70
Figs. :
Plates :
Vol(s) : 48
Source Number : 12
Source :
Source details :
Page(s) : Jan-66
Figs. :
Plates :
Vol(s) : 2
Source Number : 13
Source :
Source details :
Page(s) : 20, 67, 86, 102
Figs. :
Plates :
Vol(s) : 70
Source Number : 14
Source :
Source details :
Page(s) : 201-2
Figs. :
Plates :
Vol(s) :
Source Number : 15
Source :
Source details :
Page(s) : 66
Figs. :
Plates :
Vol(s) : no.1
Source Number : 16
Source :
Source details : 16-Sep-94
Page(s) :
Figs. :
Plates :
Vol(s) :
Source Number : 3
Source :
Source details :
Page(s) : 221
Figs. :
Plates :
Vol(s) :
Source Number : 4
Source :
Source details :
Page(s) : 199
Figs. :
Plates :
Vol(s) :
Source Number : 5
Source :
Source details : (R C Neville)
Page(s) : 77-78
Figs. :
Plates :
Vol(s) : 11, 1854
Source Number : 6
Source :
Source details : (G M Spratling)
Page(s) : 58
Figs. :
Plates :
Vol(s) : 1971
Source Number : 7
Source :
Source details :
Page(s) : 335
Figs. :
Plates :
Vol(s) : 3, 1972
Source Number : 8
Source :
Source details : Colchester Archaeol Group Annual Newsletter 17 March 1974 (I R Hodder)
Page(s) : 53
Figs. :
Plates :
Vol(s) :
Source Number : 9
Source :
Source details : 'Archaeol of the M11 in Essex 1970-75' (I G Robertson)
Page(s) : 32-3
Figs. :
Plates :
Vol(s) : 1975
Source Number : 10
Source :
Source details :
Page(s) : 265
Figs. :
Plates :
Vol(s) : 6, 1975

Monument Types:
Monument Period Name : Neolithic
Display Date : Neolithic
Monument End Date : -2200
Monument Start Date : -4000
Monument Type : Lithic Working Site
Evidence : Sub Surface Deposit
Monument Period Name : Iron Age
Display Date : Iron Age
Monument End Date : 43
Monument Start Date : -800
Monument Type : Round House (Domestic), Enclosure
Evidence : Sub Surface Deposit
Monument Period Name : Roman
Display Date :
Monument End Date : 399
Monument Start Date : 43
Monument Type : Villa, Hypocaust, Baths, Burial, Enclosure, Barn
Evidence : Sub Surface Deposit

Components and Objects:
Period : Roman
Component Monument Type : Villa, Hypocaust, Baths, Burial, Enclosure, Barn
Object Type : WALL PLASTER
Object Material :

Related Records from other datasets:
External Cross Reference Source : Scheduled Monument Legacy (National No.)
External Cross Reference Number : 24861
External Cross Reference Notes :
External Cross Reference Source : SMR Number (Essex)
External Cross Reference Number : 169
External Cross Reference Notes :
External Cross Reference Source : National Monuments Record Number
External Cross Reference Number : TL 53 NW 19
External Cross Reference Notes :

Related Warden Records :
Associated Monuments :
Relationship type : General association

Related Activities :
Associated Activities :
Activity type : EXCAVATION
Start Date : 1853-01-01
End Date : 1853-12-31
Associated Activities :
Activity type : EXCAVATION
Start Date : 1971-01-01
End Date : 1974-12-31
Associated Activities :
Activity type : FIELD OBSERVATION (VISUAL ASSESSMENT)
Start Date : 1983-01-01
End Date : 1994-12-31
Associated Activities :
Activity type : EVALUATION
Start Date : 1993-01-01
End Date : 1993-12-31
Associated Activities :
Activity type : EVALUATION
Start Date : 2006-01-01
End Date : 2006-12-31