Historic England research records

Historic England Research Records

The Castle
Hob Uid: 338888
Location : Oxfordshire Cherwell Wendlebury
Grid Ref : SP5695020300
Summary : Site of a Roman building uncovered in 1766 when mosaics and a hypocaust were found, possibly the site of a Roman villa; associated with a cropmark of a rectangular enclosure.
More information : [SP 56952030] Tessellated Pavement & Hypocaust found AD 1766 [NAT] (1) Although the site is known as "The Castle" and it is shown as a mound entitled "Castle Hill" on Stukeley's Bird's eye view (a). Penrose, who owned the site and excavated it in 1766 found remains of a considerable wall with a central doorway, running apparently north to south on the eastside of the mound. West of this wall, i.e. within the building, was a room with a tessellated pavement, and north of it, 1.5 feet lower, a hypocaust floor with pillars. This is enough to show that the so-called Castle was a bath (b). About 1800 most of the stone remains of this building were removed for road-making (c). (2) This site is marked by an amorphous mound, maximum height 1.8m, in an otherwise level field. Part of a rectangular feature on the east side of the mound, clearly visible on air photographs (a), is indicated by shallow, parallel, depressions in the turf. Resurveyed at 1:2500. (3) Area scheduled as part of Alchester Roman town (SP 52 SE 4). (4) SP 56952030. Probable Romano-British building, listed. (5) A 1:2500 scale, level 3 air photo interpretation project (Event UID 932842) was carried out on this monument in November 1990. No changes were noted. The archive created during the project (Collection UID 932889) is held by RCHME. (6) OX 60 Listed as the possible site of a Roman villa. (7)

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Source Number : 1
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Source details : 6" Prov 1919-1950
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Source Number : 2
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Page(s) : 283-4
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Source Number : 7
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Page(s) : 162
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Source Number : 2a
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Source details : Stukeley It Cur 1776 II Pl vi
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Source Number : 2b
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Source details : Jackson's Oxford Journ 8 Feb 1766 MS Mins S of A X 118 13 Mar 1766 Warton Kiddington 1783 58n
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Source Number : 2c
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Source details : Brown Trans North Oxford Arch Nat Hist Soc 1857
Page(s) : 157-8
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Source Number : 3
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Source details : F1 GHP 09-FEB-66
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Source Number : 3d
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Source details : Allen Nos 13 & 14 (Ashmolean Mus)
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Source Number : 4
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Source details : DOE(IAM) Record Map 10th Jan 1975
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Source Number : 5
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Source details :
Page(s) : 70
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Vol(s) : 103 (i)

Source Number : 6
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Source details : Simon Crutchley/01-NOV-1990/RCHME: Alchester and Environs Project
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Monument Types:

Monument Period Name : Roman
Display Date : Roman
Monument End Date : 410
Monument Start Date : 43
Monument Type : Building, Hypocaust, Mosaic, Villa
Evidence : Sub Surface Deposit, Conjectural Evidence

Monument Period Name : Uncertain
Display Date :
Monument End Date :
Monument Start Date :
Monument Type : Rectangular Enclosure
Evidence : Cropmark

Components and Objects:

Related Records from other datasets:

External Cross Reference Source : SMR Number (Oxfordshire)
External Cross Reference Number : 1585
External Cross Reference Notes :

External Cross Reference Source : Scheduled Monument Legacy (County No.)
External Cross Reference Number : OX 18
External Cross Reference Notes :

External Cross Reference Source : National Monuments Record Number
External Cross Reference Number : SP 52 SE 5
External Cross Reference Notes :

Related Warden Records :

Related Activities :

Associated Activities :
Activity type : EXCAVATION
Start Date : 1766-01-01
End Date : 1766-12-31

Associated Activities :
Activity type : FIELD OBSERVATION (VISUAL ASSESSMENT)
Start Date : 1966-02-09
End Date : 1966-02-09

Associated Activities :
Activity type : AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH INTERPRETATION
Start Date : 1990-11-01
End Date : 1992-12-01

Associated Activities :
Activity type : EVALUATION
Start Date : 1998-01-01
End Date : 1999-12-31

Associated Activities :
Activity type : AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH INTERPRETATION
Start Date : 1998-08-03
End Date : 1998-10-08

Historic England Research Records

The Castle