Summary : Mainly 13th century church incorporating remains of Mediaeval priory church of Breedon Priory. Many 8th and 10th century Saxon sculptured stones. Identified as a minster from documentary evidence, the minster being founded between 675-691. Circa 1109-22, the church was granted to Nostell Priory as an Augustinian Canonical Cell. The existing church formed the canon's quire in the Middle Ages, but there is no evidence to suggest that the Priors ever held the cure of souls of the parish, indicating that the church was retained for parochial use. The West tower formed the West end of a 12th century church, and the present church is coterminus with that building. Soon after 1150 a parochial nave was added to the West of the 12th century church, the Western part of the latter being adapted as the Canon's quire. The quire was rebuilt in the 13th century on a cruciform plan with an aisled quire of four bays, the 12th century aisleless nave surviving the enlargement. The parochial nave was rebuilt in the 15th century, although the North wall was retained so as not to disturb the claustral buildings to the North. Following the Dissoution, the North transept and parochial nave were demolished, and the South transept retained as a South porch. Plan of nave with aisle, and West tower. The Priory was extant from before 1122 until dissolved in 1539. |
More information : [SK 4056 2335] Church [T.U.] (1) "Breedon on the Hill:Church of St.Mary and St.Hardulf. A Saxon monastery, a daughter of Peterborough, was founded at Breedon on the Hill probably in the time of Bishop Saxwulf of Lichfield (675-C.691) and Aethelred, King of Mercia (675-704). It was a house of some importance, which supplied an archbishop, Tatwine (731-4), to the See of Canterbury. Among the inmates was the anchorite Hardulf. The Monastery did not survive the Danish wars, though it is possible that a community of priests serving the district was established here in the later Saxon period. Early in the reign of Henry I the church of St.Mary and St.Hardulf was given to the Augustinian Priory of St.Oswald at Nostell, Yorkshire, and canons were already established at Breeden in 1122.(a) Breeden was a small house and remained throughout the Middle Ages a cell of Nostell. Five canons are mentioned in a document of C.1220 which implies that this was the normal number. An episcopal visitation of 1441 states that the priory buildings were dilapidated, and suspended one of the three canons at Breedon, who failed to appear. In 1518 the nave and porch of the parish church were in need of repair. No remains of the Saxon church survive in situ. A rich series of carved stones, re-used in the Middle Ages, is now preserved in the church. Long strips in two different heights, decoratd with vegetal scrolls and animals, probably formed part of strings, de-limiting paintings or reliefs in stucco, like those still in position in the contemporary Tempietto at Cividale.(b) At the east end of the south aisle are three fragments with a series of saints in niches; these formed part of the shrine of St.Hardulf. The carvings all belong to a school contemporary with the Mercian supremacy of the 8th century. They form one of the most notable collections of pre-Conquest sculpture in the country. The existing church formed the canons' quire of the Middle Ages; the earliest parts are incorporated in the present Western tower. The ground stage of this tower formed the west end of an early 12th century church. The angles have shallow clasping buttresses and one narrow pilaster buttress survives on each of the north and south walls. Parts of four widely splayed windows set high in the wall remain, one in each of the bays formed by the buttresses. Externally they show on the north side as narrow loops with chamfered angles. Interally, in the present first floor of the tower, the embrasures have nook shafts with reeded capitals and chevron ornament on the voussoirs. There is also a small window, later converted to a door, at the same level in the west end. The work dates from the second quarter of the 12th century. The ashlar of pink sandstone, visible above the arches of the later arcades, shows that the church of this date was co-teminous with the present tower and nave. Soon after 1150 a parochial nave was added to the west of the earlier building, which was adapted as the canons' quire. A narrow opening (now blocked) in the west wall linked the two parts of the church. The canons' quire with lofty stalls was formed in the western part of the old church, under the later tower... the old windows in the north wall were enlarged... The Canons' quire was re-built in the early years of the 13th century. The new building was cruciform with an aisled quire of four bays. The arcades are a modern re-build on the old lines, as are the three lancets above the altar. The lancets at the east end of the aisles are original; a third remains, now blocked, in the west bay of the north wall. The aisles were vaulted and substantial remains can still be seen on the north side. The south transept survives and now serves as a porch. The original door is that, now blocked, into the south quire aisle. A deep recess in the east wall of the projecting bay held an altar, the position of which can still be traced, though partly covered by a later blocking. The old aisless nave survived the enlargement of the quire. In the 15th century this part of thechurch was in turn re-built. To avoid disturbing the cloister, which lay on the north side of the church, the new aisled nave was laid out excentrically to extend the full width of the canons' quire and south transept, the old north wall being retained. The start of the arcades of the south wall can be traced. The 14th and 15th centuries also saw alterations in the canons' quire, where a clerestorey was added and larger windows inserted in the aisles. After the Suppression the canons' church was retained for parochial use, the south transept being added as a porch and the old quire becoming the nave." [For plan see A0: 59:333:3] (2) [Summarised in Authy.2] (3) "...The carving at Breedon... can only be assigned to the pre-Danish period, the weight of evidence favouring the latter part of the eighth century..." [Detailed description and photographs of carvings and full discussion.] (4) [Referred to in summary by Authy.2.] (5) [Summarised by Authy 2.] (6) [Historical and Architectural Summary] (7) "...From the view in Nichol's History of Leicestershire' [Vol.3, pt.2 plate XCII] [See A0: 59:334:2] there appears from the arrangement of the doorways to have been provision for a cloister court on the north side of the nave. It is, however, doubtful whether any conventual buildings upon the usual plan were ever erected, while it is certain that in the middle of the fifteenth century the quire of the church was used by the canons as their chapter-house. It is probable that, after the appropriation of the church by St.Oswald's Priory, the rectory house ln the north side of the church was used by the canons as their dwellings. This no longer exists. The ... tower.. originally stood above the crossing in the middle of the church, and a south porch with upper storey.. appears to be a fourteenth century construction upon the site of part of the south transept. From recent discovereries, it seems likely that this transept had an apsidal chapel upon its eastern side..." (8) [Architectural and historical summary given during a field meeting of the Royal Arch. Institute.] (9) Breedon Priory ... dissolved 1539 (10) "An Anglo-Saxon window and carved stonework have been uncovered during restoration work at the parish church of Breedon-on-the-Hill... They were found when an outside buttress at the north-west corner of the church was removed." (11) The church is in use for public worship. At its west end can be seen the marks of the former nave of the canons' church. On the north side of the formerly central tower are the marks of eaves courses and openings, possibly to the conventual buildings or to a north transept. No traces of the conventual buildings remain; a recent drainage trench across the churchyard revealed slates and fragments of stone with a few late Md. potsherds. The church is at present being repaired. In demolishing a buttress at the north-west corner of the north aisle an Early English lancet window (not Saxon as stated by Authy 11) was found and a similar doorway. In the packing of the buttress two pre-Conquest sculptured stones were found and are now in the north aisle awaiting a decision as to their re-use. They are similar to the other stones of this type which were built into the inner walling of the south wall, in 1937, having been brought in from the outside of the church.(r) These stones fall into two periods, 8th c., with the introduction of the monastic settlement at Breedon and mid-10th c., originating in the conversion of the Dane(s) (12) Further references to the Anglo Saxon carved stones. (13-14) CIVIL PARISH OF BREEDON ON THE HILL A Church of St. Mary and St. Hardulph Principally C13 and C14, the remains of an Augustinian Priory founded in 1144. Handsome church consisting of nave with aisles, chancel and west tower. Eighteenth century fittings to nave and south aisle including set of oak box pews, pulpit and west gallery; the north aisle belongs to the Earl Ferrers and is closed off by an old wrought iron screen. The Ferrers Aisle contains a fine canoped family pew dated 1627 and two fine tombs to the Shirley family dated 1570 and 1595. Another tomb has a skeleton on top. Funeral armour, etc. etc. Carved stones in walls of Saxon date. Slate headstones in churchyard. (15)
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